About Maha Shivratri
Maha Shivratri falls on the fourteenth day of the dark half of Phalguna in the purnimanta calendar followed across North India; in the amanta calendar of the South and West the same night is counted in Magha. Every month has a Shivratri, but this one is kept as the greatest. Several stories are told about it. Many believe it is the night Shiva and Parvati were married. Another tells of Shiva appearing as an endless pillar of light whose beginning and end neither Brahma nor Vishnu could find. For many devotees it is simply the night to sit close to Shiva.
The festival is kept all over India and Nepal. Great crowds gather at the Jyotirlinga temples, at Kashi Vishwanath in Varanasi and Pashupatinath in Kathmandu, and at small village shrines alike. Kashmiri Pandits keep it as Herath, with customs of their own.
The day usually begins with a bath and a sankalp for the fast. Some keep a nirjala fast without water, many take fruit and milk, and others eat a single simple meal; each follows what suits their health and family custom. The heart of the festival is the night. It is divided into four prahars, and in each one the Shivling is bathed and worshipped: with water, milk, curd, honey, ghee and sugar, then adorned with sandal paste and offered bel leaves, dhatura, white flowers and fruit. Between pujas, people sing bhajans, chant Om Namah Shivaya and keep the jagaran, the vigil, until dawn. The fast is opened the next morning after a final puja.
A practical note: Shivratri is fixed by the Chaturdashi tithi that holds at midnight, the hour called nishita kaal, so the festival date and the sunrise tithi can differ. Families and temples follow their own tradition for the parana, the time to break the fast.